In addition, PRP improves fat graft survival and can be used in combination with autologous fat grafts for dark circles 24. Transforming growth factor-β1 and epidermal growth factor in PRP are suggested to inhibit melanin production via delayed extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and inhibition of prostagandin-E2 expression/tyrosinase enzyme activity, respectively 22, 23. PRP can stimulate dermal fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis 21. PRP treatment is mainly effective for wrinkles, laxity, and secondary PIH-related dark circles. There has been a recent increase in the application of PRP in dermatology and aesthetic fields, including sound healing, fat grafting, alopecia, scar revision, and dermal volume augmentation 19, 20. It has a significant concentration of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines and has been used to encourage various healing process. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentration of plasma protein derived from a patient's own blood that has been centrifuged to remove red blood cells. Platelet-rich plasma treatment for dark circles Herein the authors introduce and review the possible causes of infraorbital dark circles and individualized treatment options depending on the underlying cause, with a particular emphasis on injection methods. In addition, there is no clear consensus about the pathomechanism and standard treatment of dark circles. Despite the prevalence of this condition, there are few published articles on the mechanisms that underlie the conspicuousness of dark circles 5. Many affected individuals seek treatment for dark circles, and this condition affects a wide range of ages, both sexes, and all races 4. Visible dark circles make people look tired and can be a significant cosmetic concern 1, 2, 3. “Dark circles” is not a formal medical term, but a widely used term that collectively indicates symptoms of dark areas under the eyes. Cosmetic problems that are neither health-threatening nor associated with significant morbidity but can affect an individual's emotional well-being are gaining increased attention.
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